The Anti-utopian Spirit of the Moscow Text in The Master and Margarita

Journal of Publishing and Criticism

JPC, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2026, pp.53-64

Print ISSN: 3107-0892; Online ISSN: 3107-0906

Journal homepage: https://www.jpcjournal.com

DOI: https://doi.org/10.64058/jpc260106asmtm

《大师与玛格丽特》中莫斯科文本的反乌托邦精神

吴佩莎（Wu Peisha），俞航（Yu Hang）

摘要：奠基于“莫斯科-第三罗马”学说的传统莫斯科文本内在地蕴含了乌托邦精神。随着现代化进程的推进与苏联政权的建立，乌托邦思想逐步转变为一种压抑个体自由与精神价值的官方意识形态。布尔加科夫的小说《大师与玛格丽特》折射出莫斯科文乌托邦精神的嬗变，以反乌托邦精神中的反思和批判意识观照社会，还原乌托邦精神的原初内涵。通过对莫斯科城市的重构，小说刻画了一个表面秩序井然、实则精神虚无的反乌托邦世界，又通过超越现实的“永恒的家园”揭示了莫斯科的救赎之路。布尔加科夫在解构官方乌托邦叙事的同时，延续了俄罗斯知识分子的弥赛亚意识，其作品在深刻的批判性中寄托了对以爱、信仰与心灵自由为核心的精神家园的乌托邦式追寻。

关键词：《大师与玛格丽特》；莫斯科文本；反乌托邦

作者简介：吴佩莎，广西师范大学文学院/新闻与传播学院硕士研究生，研究方向：比较文学与世界文学。电邮：1137912644@qq.com。俞航（通讯作者），广西师范大学文学院/新闻与传播学院副教授，研究方向：19世纪俄罗斯文学。电邮：yu8799@sina.com。

Title: The Anti-utopian Spirit of the Moscow Text in The Master and Margarita

Abstract: Based on the “Moscow, Third Rome” doctrine, the traditional Moscow text inherently embodies a utopian spirit. With the establishment of the Soviet regime and the advancement of modernization, utopian thought gradually transformed into an official ideology that suppressed individual freedom and spiritual values. Bulgakov’ s novel The Master and Margarita reflects the transmutation of the utopian spirit within the Moscow text, employing the reflective and critical consciousness of the anti-utopian spirit to observe society and restore the original connotations of the utopian ideal. Through his reconstruction of the city of Moscow, the novel portrays an anti-utopian world that appears orderly on the surface but is spiritually hollow, while simultaneously revealing the path to Moscow’s redemption through a transcendent “eternal home.” In deconstructing the official utopian narrative, Bulgakov perpetuates the messianic consciousness of the Russian intelligentsia. His work, marked by profound critique, embodies a utopian quest for a spiritual homeland centered on love, faith, and inner freedom.

Keywords: The Master and Margarita; Moscow text; Anti-utopia

Author Biographies: Wu Peisha, Master’s Candidate at the College of Liberal Arts, Guangxi Normal University. Research Area: Comparative Literature and World Literature. E-mail: 1137912644@qq.com. Yu Hang (Corresponding Author), Associate Professor at the College of Liberal Arts, Guangxi Normal University. Research Area: 19th-century Russian literature. E-mail: yu8799@sina.com.